ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and distribution of the traumatic injuries to anterior teeth among 4500 school children in the age group of 3 to 16 years from South Kanara District of Karnataka. Information concerning sex, age, cause of trauma, number of injured teeth, type of the teeth, lip competence, terminal plane relationship and the molar relationship were recorded. A total of 238 cases (5.29%) had incisor and canine fractures, which was more prevalent among the boys (72.27%) than the girls (27.73%). The leading cause of injury was undefined falls and the maxillary central incisors were commonly affected in both the primary and the permanent dentition. Enamel fracture was the most common form of injury noted. Class 1 Type 2 and Class 2 division 1 molar relationship cases exhibited significantly very high number of fractured teeth. Only 1.68% of the cases with traumatized teeth had undergone treatment.
Subject(s)
Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Age Factors , Athletic Injuries/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Cuspid/injuries , Dental Enamel/injuries , Dental Occlusion , Dental Restoration, Permanent/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Incisor/injuries , India/epidemiology , Lip/pathology , Male , Malocclusion, Angle Class I/epidemiology , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/epidemiology , Molar/pathology , Normal Distribution , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Tooth Fractures/classification , Tooth, Deciduous/injuriesABSTRACT
N-(2-naphthyl)glycine hydrazide and N-methyl-N-(2-naphthyl) glycine hydrazide, which inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 RV and show activity against experimental tuberculosis, were evaluated for their mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium. Both the compounds at concentration ranges from 0·1 μg/plate to 1000 μg/plate failed to induce mutations at the histidine locus either directly or after treatment with rat liver homogenate fraction- "S-9". N-(2-naphthyl)glycine hydrazide and its N-methyl derivative elicited toxicity at concentrations of 500 μg/plate and 1000 μg/plate. However, in the presence of the liver homogenate system, reduction in toxicity was noticed probably due to detoxification and/ or conjugation of the compounds. Under the assay conditions employed, standard mutagens like 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, 9-aminoacridine and benzo(a)pyrene were positive. The nonmutagenic nature of N-(2-naphthyl)glycine hydrazide and N-methyl-N-(2-naphthyl)glycine hydrazide should enhance their potential for inclusion in treatment protocols for management of tuberculosis.